The insight that leadership, authority, and hierarchy perform useful functions is as true today as it was in the days of important organization and management thinkers…
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…management (and hence executive authority) is essential in two conditions that are the hallmarks of our modern economy: an emphasis on knowledge as the key competitive resource, and competition based on innovation.
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…while most decisions should be delegated to employees with superior knowledge of local conditions, overall authority… cannot be passed down the line.
