…hierarchy isn’t as valuable where few interdependencies exist among people, resources, and tasks, uncertainty is low, and there is plenty of time to make decisions.
170
The idea that hierarchy requires top-down, authoritative decision-making by a single boss is largely a fiction.
195
…if the costs of delay are high enough, then quick decisions are often worth the risk.
261
…while most decisions should be delegated to employees with superior knowledge of local conditions, overall authority… cannot be passed down the line.
